Google cuts by pixel width, not character count, so this measures the rendered text.
Large image card. X leans on the image, so the title carries most of the message.
LinkedIn shows the title and domain under the image. The description is usually dropped.
iMessage shows the image, the title, and the domain. No description at all.
These are close, not exact. Every platform re-renders links its own way and changes the rules without notice. Google in particular rewrites titles and descriptions when it thinks another wording fits the search better, so treat this as a guide to whether your text fits, not a guarantee of what will show.